| Corbett admits that scientists themselves could have better communicated that fact. “Sometimes I regret the way that we announced that we could have a vaccine,” she says. “Because it came without the understanding of all the work that we had done before. While we did design a vaccine basically overnight, and move quickly into clinical trials, there was so much confidence in the way we did that because we’d been preparing for years.”
It was hardly the first miracle of science to defy belief. A year after the Apollo 11 lunar landing, 30% of Americans surveyed said they did not believe humans had actually walked on the moon. And that was long before social media, the rise of the antivax movement and the many other recent crises of truth that have created barriers to the successful rollout of the vaccines. In the U.S., tens of millions of people refuse to get the shots that are available almost everywhere.
Globally, vaccine hesitancy has combined with inequality and lack of access to create a disastrous state of affairs in poorer parts of the world. COVAX, the multinational program designed to distribute vaccines to low-income countries, is only about a quarter of the way to its original goal of distributing 2 billion doses by the end of 2021. Some of that can be chalked up to wealthier countries hoarding doses, but there are other problems. In some parts of the world, when doses arrive, health workers must overcome significant logistical challenges to get them from airport tarmac to people in hard-to-reach places, and doubts about vaccine safety and efficacy have proved a global phenomenon. That mix of challenges has created severe vaccine inequality, such that only 30% of India is completely protected, and not even 10% of people in Africa have been fully vaccinated. As long as that’s the case, the virus will continue to mutate, giving rise to new variants as it spreads almost unchecked.
That doesn’t mean the virus wins. The plug-and-play feature of the mRNA vaccines makes it possible to update them within months to target new variants, be it Omicron or whatever form the virus takes next. The virus moves fast, but scientists have created weapons just as nimble. Even the historically fast development of COVID-19 vaccines may seem slow in the future, now that mRNA platforms have been pressure-tested and fine-tuned.
“A renaissance in vaccinology” is what University of Pittsburgh Center for Vaccine Research director Paul Duprex calls the tools crafted by Kariko, Weissman, Graham and Corbett and the many scientists who collaborated with them over the years. They represent a novel path out of this pandemic, but also a new approach to quelling future ones. Already, vaccine makers are testing mRNA-based vaccines against influenza, potentially making them more effective, safer and easier to produce.
Thanks to the scientists leading the groundbreaking development and elegant construction of these COVID-19 vaccines, we now have a list of near-infinite possibilities. The vaccines work with a magnificence that only highlights how far science has come—and how far behind society remains in recognizing and accepting what is now possible. Our communications, our politics, our splintered cultures are still snarled in confusion and skepticism, keeping people from getting the shots. Through the harrowing first winter of COVID-19, scientists gifted humanity with the ultimate prize—a weapon to fight the pandemic. It’s now up to humanity to return the favor. |